Reading
Grade 5
Acquisition of Vocabulary
Grades 4 -7, Benchmark A Use context clues and text structures
to determine the meaning of new vocabulary.
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Contextual Understanding
02. Use context clues to determine
the meaning of synonyms, antonyms, homophones, homonyms and homographs.
Grades 4-7, Benchmark B Infer word meaning
through identification and analysis of analogies and other word
relationships.
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Conceptual Understanding
03. Identify analogies and other word
relationships, including synonyms and antonyms, to determine the
meaning of words.
Grades 4 -7, Benchmark F Use multiple resources
to enhance comprehension of vocabulary.
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Tools and Resources
08. Determine the meanings and pronunciations
of unknown words by using dictionaries, thesauruses, glossaries,
technology and textual features, such as definitional footnotes
or sidebars.
Reading Applications: Informational,
Technical and Persuasive Text
Grades 4 -7, Benchmark A Use text features and graphics to organize,
analyze and draw inferences from content and to gain additional
information.
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01. Use text features, such as chapter titles, headings and subheadings;
parts of books, including the index and table of contents and
online tools (search engines) to locate information.
Grades 4 -7, Benchmark B Recognize the
difference between cause and effect and fact and opinion to analyze
text.
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02. Identify, distinguish between and explain examples of cause
and effect in informational text.
Grades 4-7, Benchmark C Explain how main
ideas connect to each other in a variety of sources.
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03. Compare important details about a topic, using different sources
of information, including books, magazines, newspapers and online
resources.
Grades 4 -7, Benchmark D Identify arguments
and persuasive techniques used in informational text.
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08. Distinguish relevant from irrelevant
information in a text and identify possible points of confusion
for the reader.
Grades 4-7, Benchmark F Determine the extent
to which a summary accurately reflects the main idea, critical details
and underlying meaning of original text.
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04. Summarize the main ideas and supporting details.
Reading Applications: Literary Text
Grades 4-7, Benchmark A Describe and analyze the elements of
character development.
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01. Explain how a character's thoughts, words and actions reveal
his or her motivations.
Grades 4-7, Benchmark B Analyze the importance
of setting.
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02. Explain the influence of setting on the selection.
Grades 4-7, Benchmark C Identify the elements
of plot and establish a connection between an element and a future
event.
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03. Identify the main incidents of a plot sequence and explain
how they influence future action.
Grade 6
Grades 4-7, Benchmark B Infer word meaning through identification
and analysis of analogies and other word relationships.
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Conceptual Understanding
03. Identify analogies and other word relationships, including
synonyms and antonyms, to determine the meaning of words.
Grade 8
Acquisition of Vocabulary
Grades 8-10, Benchmark A Use context clues and text structures
to determine the meaning of new vocabulary.
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Contextual Understanding
01. Define unknown words through context clues and the author’s
use of comparison, contrast and cause and effect.
Grades 8-10, Benchmark B Examine the relationships
of analogical statements to infer word meanings.
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Conceptual Understanding
03. Identify the relationships of pairs of words in analogical
statements (e.g., synonyms and antonyms) and infer word meanings
from these relationships
Grades 8-10 Benchmark, Benchmark F Use multiple
resources to enhance comprehension of vocabulary.
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Tools and Resources
07. Determine the meanings and pronunciations of unknown words
by using dictionaries, thesauruses, glossaries, technology and
textual features, such as definitional footnotes or sidebars.Reading
Process: Concepts of Print, Comprehension Strategies and Self-Monitoring
Strategies
Grades 8-10, Benchmark B Demonstrate comprehension
of print and electronic text by responding to questions (e.g., literal,
inferential, evaluative and synthesizing).
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Comprehension Strategies
02. Answer literal, inferential, evaluative and synthesizing questions
to demonstrate comprehension of grade-appropriate print texts
and electronic and visual media.
Reading Applications:
Informational, Technical and Persuasive Text
Grades 8-10, Benchmark A Evaluate how features
and characteristics make information accessible and usable and how
structures help authors achieve their purposes.
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01. Compare and contrast text features, including format and headers
of various informational texts in terms of their structure and
purpose.
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02. Identify and use the organizational structure of a text, such
as chronological, compare-contrast, cause-effect, problem-solution,
and evaluate its effectiveness.
Grades 8-10, Benchmark B Identify examples of
rhetorical devices and valid and invalid inferences, and explain
how authors use these devices to achieve their purposes and reach
their intended audiences.
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08. Recognize how writers cite facts, draw inferences and present
opinions in informational text.
Grades 8-10, Benchmark D Explain and analyze
how an author appeals to an audience and develops an argument or
viewpoint in text.
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06. Identify the author’s purpose and intended audience
for the text.
Grades 8-10, Benchmark E. Utilize multiple sources
pertaining to a singular topic to critique the various ways authors
develop their ideas (e.g., treatment, scope and organization).
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03. Compare and contrast the treatment, scope and organization
of ideas from different sources on the same topic.
Reading Applications:
Literary Text
Grades 8-10, Benchmark A Analyze interactions between characters
in literary text and how the interactions affect the plot.
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01. Identify and explain various types of characters (e.g., flat,
round, dynamic, static) and how their interactions and conflicts
affect the plot.
Grades 8-10, Benchmark B Explain and analyze
how the context of setting and the author's choice of point of view
impact a literary text.
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02. Analyze the influence of setting in relation to other literary
elements.
Writing
Grade 5
Writing Process
Grades 5-7, Benchmark A Generate writing topics and establish
a purpose appropriate for the audience.
Y2003.CEW.S01.G05-07.BA.L05.I02 Prewriting
02. Conduct background reading, interviews or surveys when appropriate.
Grades 5-7 Benchmark, Benchmark B Determine audience
and purpose for self-selected and assigned writing tasks.
Y2003.CEW.S01.G05-07.BB.L05.I04 Prewriting
04. Determine a purpose and audience.
Y2003.CEW.S01.G05-07.BD.L05.I10 Drafting, Revising
and Editing
10. Use available technology to compose text.
Grades 5-7, Benchmark F Edit to improve fluency,
grammar and usage.
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and Editing
15. Proofread writing, edit to improve conventions (e.g., grammar,
spelling, punctuation and capitalization) and identify and correct
fragments and run-ons.
Writing Applications
Grades 5-7, Benchmark A Use narrative strategies (e.g., dialogue
and action) to develop characters, plot and setting and to maintain
a consistent point of view.
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05. Produce informal writings (e.g., messages, journals, notes
and poems) for various purposes.
Grades 5-7, Benchmark B Write responses to literature
that extend beyond the summary and support judgments through references
to the text.
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02. Write responses to novels, stories and poems that organize
an interpretation around several clear ideas, and justify the
interpretation through the use of examples and specific textual
evidence.
Grades 5-7, Benchmark C Produce letters (e.g.,
business, letters to the editor, job applications) that address
audience needs, stated purpose and context in a clear and efficient
manner.
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03. Write letters that state the purpose, make requests or give
compliments and use business letter format.
Grades 5-7, Benchmark D Produce informational
essays or reports that convey a clear and accurate perspective and
support the main ideas with facts, details, examples and explanations.
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04. Write informational essays or reports, including research,
that organize information with a clear introduction, body and
conclusion following common expository structures when appropriate
(e.g., cause-effect, comparison-contrast) and include facts, details
and examples to illustrate important ideas.
Research
Grades 5-7, Benchmark A Formulate open-ended
research questions suitable for inquiry and investigation and develop
a plan for gathering information.
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01. Generate a topic, assigned or personal interest, and open-ended
questions for research and develop a plan for gathering information.
Communication: Oral and
Visual
Grades 5-7, Benchmark A Use effective listening strategies,
summarize major ideas and draw logical inferences from presentations
and visual media.
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Listening and Viewing
01. Demonstrate active listening strategies (e.g., asking focused
questions, responding to cues, making visual contact).
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Listening and Viewing
02. Interpret the main idea and draw conclusions from oral presentations
and visual media.
Grades 5-7, Benchmark B Explain a speaker’s
point of view and use of persuasive techniques in presentations
and visual media.
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Listening and Viewing
03. Identify the speaker’s purpose in presentations and
visual media (e.g., to inform, to entertain, to persuade).
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Speaking Skills and Strategies
06. Use clear diction, pitch, tempo and tone, and adjust volume
and tempo to stress important ideas.
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Speaking Skills and Strategies
07. Adjust speaking content according to the needs of the situation,
setting and audience.
Grades 5-7, Benchmark D Select an organizational
structure appropriate to the topic, audience, setting and purpose.
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Speaking Applications
08. Deliver informational presentations (e.g., expository, research)
that:
• demonstrate an understanding of the topic
and present events or ideas in a logical sequence;
• support the main idea with relevant facts, details,
examples, quotations, statistics, stories and anecdotes;
• organize information, including a clear introduction,
body and conclusion and follow common organizational structures
when appropriate (e.g., cause-effect, compare-contrast);
• use appropriate visual materials (e.g., diagrams, charts,
illustrations) and available technology; and
• draw from several sources and identify sources used.
Grades 5-7, Benchmark F Give presentations using
a variety of delivery methods, visual materials and technology.
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Speaking Applications
10. Deliver persuasive presentations that:
• establish a clear position;
• include relevant evidence to support a position and
to address potential concerns of listeners; and
• follow common organizational structures when appropriate
(e.g., cause-effect, compare-contrast, problem-solution).
Grade 8
Writing Process
Grades 8-10, Benchmark A Formulate writing ideas, and identify
a topic appropriate to the purpose and audience.
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Prewriting
01. Generate writing ideas through discussions with others and
from printed material, and keep a list of writing ideas.
Grades 8-10, Benchmark B Determine the usefulness
of organizers and apply appropriate pre-writing tasks.
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Prewriting
02. Conduct background reading, interviews or surveys when appropriate.
Grades 8-10, Benchmark C Use revision strategies
to improve the style, variety of sentence structure, clarity of
the controlling idea, logic, effectiveness of word choice and transitions
between paragraphs, passages or ideas.
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Drafting, Revising and Editing
06. Organize writing with an effective and engaging introduction,
body and a conclusion that summarizes, extends or elaborates on
points or ideas in the writing.
Writing Applications
Grades 8-10, Benchmark A Compose narratives that establish a
specific setting, plot and a consistent point of view, and develop
characters by using sensory details and concrete language.
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06. Produce informal writings (e.g., journals, notes and poems)
for various purposes.
Grades 8-10, Benchmark D Use documented textual
evidence to justify interpretations of literature or to support
a research topic.
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04. Write informational essays or reports, including research,
that:
• pose relevant and tightly drawn questions
that engage the reader;
• provide a clear and accurate perspective on the subject;
• create an organizing structure appropriate to the purpose,
audience and context;
• support the main ideas with facts, details, examples
and explanations from sources; and
• document sources and include bibliographies.
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05. Write persuasive compositions that:
• establish and develop a controlling idea;
• support arguments with detailed evidence;
• exclude irrelevant information.
Grades 8-10, Benchmark E Write a persuasive piece
that states a clear position, includes relevant information and
offers compelling evidence in the form of facts and details.
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05. Write persuasive compositions that:
• establish and develop a controlling idea;
• support arguments with detailed evidence;
• exclude irrelevant information; and
• cite sources of information.
Research
Grades 8-10, Benchmark A Formulate
open-ended research questions suitable for investigation and adjust
questions as necessary while research is conducted.
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01. Compose open-ended questions for research, assigned or personal
interest, and modify questions as necessary during inquiry and
investigation.
Communication: Oral and Visual
Grades
8-10, Benchmark A Use a variety of strategies to enhance listening
comprehension.
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Listening and Viewing
01. Apply active listening strategies (e.g., monitoring message
for clarity, selecting and organizing essential information, noting
cues such as changes in pace).
Grades 8-10, Benchmark B Analyze the techniques
used by speakers and media to influence an audience, and evaluate
the effect this has on the credibility of a speaker or media message.
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Listening and Viewing
02. Identify and analyze the persuasive techniques (e.g., bandwagon,
testimonial, glittering generalities, emotional word repetition
and bait and switch) used in presentations and media messages.
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Listening and Viewing
03. Determine the credibility of the speaker (e.g., hidden agendas,
slanted or biased material) and recognize fallacies of reasoning
used in presentations and media messages.
Grades 8-10, Benchmark C Evaluate the content
and purpose of a presentation by analyzing the language and delivery
choices made by a speaker.
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Listening and Viewing
04. Identify the speaker’s choice of language and delivery
styles (e.g., repetition, appeal to emotion, eye contact) and
how they contribute to meaning.
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Speaking Skills and Strategies
06. Adjust volume, phrasing, enunciation, voice modulation and
inflection to stress important ideas and impact audience response.
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Speaking Skills and Strategies
07. Vary language choices as appropriate to the context of the
speech.
Grades 8-10, Benchmark E Give informational presentations
that present ideas in a logical sequence, include relevant facts
and details from multiple sources and use a consistent organizational
structure.
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Speaking Applications
08. Deliver informational presentations (e.g., expository, research)
that:
• demonstrate an understanding of the topic
and present events or ideas in a logical sequence;
• support the controlling idea or thesis with well-chosen
and relevant facts, details, examples, quotations, statistics,
stories and anecdotes;
• include an effective introduction and conclusion and
use a consistent organizational structure (e.g., cause-effect,
compare-contrast, problem-solution);
• use appropriate visual materials (e.g., diagrams, charts,
illustrations) and available technology; and
• draw from multiple sources, including both primary and
secondary sources, and identify sources used.
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