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Resources:
Gas Laws
The
gas laws started to evolve in 1643 with the invention of the barometer.
This is well before the birth of modern atomic theory. Some early
inventions include the following.
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The barometer is an instrument that determines the pressure
of the atmosphere. It is used to assist in determining probable
weather changes. Evangelisto Torricelli was Galileo’s
secretary. He found out that mercury was 13 times denser than
water. The relationship between the water and the mercury showed
the relationship between volume and pressure and therefore could
be used to gauge weather changes.
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Robert Boyle discovered that the greater the pressure, the smaller
the volume. This is known as Boyle’s Law and is important
in applications such as the flight of a blimp.
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In 1702, Amontons discovered a method to measure the change
in temperature depending on the change in pressure.
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The modern kinetic molecular theory of gases essentially started
with Bernoulli’s suggestion in 1734 that the pressure
exerted by a gas on the walls of its container is the sum of
the many collisions by individual molecules, all moving independently
of each other. Bernoulli derived the basic laws for the theory
of gases. (web.fccj.org/~ethall/gaslaw/gaslaw.htm)
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Galileo invented the first thermometer in 1592. It was based
on the expansion and contraction of air.
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German physicist Gabriel Fahrenheit developed a thermometer
in 1714. The Fahrenheit temperature was named after him.
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Jacques Charles discovered Charles’ Law, which states:
This law explains the relationship between volume (v) and temperature
(t) if pressure and amount are held constant (k).
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If the volume of a container is increased, the temperature
increases.
-
If the volume of a container is decreased, the temperature
decreases.
Over
the years many other laws have been discovered.
Web
Resources
Thall’s History of Gas Laws
http://web.fccj.org/~ethall/gaslaw/gaslaw.htm
Gases
and Their Behavior
http://www.geociies.com/chemisryvillage/gases
Laws of Science
http://www.pbs4549.org/floating/foascienc.htm
Gas
Laws
http://www.pbs4549.org/blimp/GAS.HTM
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