The Sixth Crusade

Remember the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II from the previous crusade? He was the one who never showed up. It turns out that he had gotten far enough east to adopt some of the eastern and Arab habits. He read the Koran; he studied Islam; he smoked hashish; he even kept a harem. Despite the warnings and anger of the pope, Frederick never really got all bothered about fighting for Jerusalem. It seems not too much at all bothered him. He even made friends with the leader of the Arab/Muslim world, al-Kamul.

Al-Kamul was having a bit of trouble. His own brother was trying to take his power. Al-Kamul told Frederick about it and finally, in 1228, Frederick decided to go fight. But he was going to fight for the Muslims and al-Kamul. He was supposed to be fighting against them.

By the time Frederick arrived with his army, the brother issue had been handled. The two leaders sat down and talked. They decided the Christians could have everything they wanted regarding Jerusalem, as long as Muslims were still allowed to worship there. In return, the Christians would promise to help the Muslims if they needed it in fighting the advancing horde of Mongols who were coming from the east.

Jerusalem was once again open to Christians and Muslims both, but the pope was still so angry at Frederick, he excommunicated him and the whole city of Jerusalem. The city was open, but now no Christian could travel there and still be considered a Christian. The year was 1228.